Les femmes dans la vie de Louis XIV

Amies, amantes ou alliées, la liste est longue des femmes qui traversèrent la vie du Roi-Soleil. Anne d'Autriche, sa mère, lui apprit le métier de roi. Marie-Thérèse, son épouse, lui donna un dauphin. Ses maîtresses, nombreuses, participèrent à sa gloire; Mme de Maintenon et la duchesse de Bourgogne illuminèrent et soutinrent sa vieillesse. Raconter la vie de Louis XIV sous un angle inédit, celui des femmes qui le côtoyèrent: telle est l'ambition d'Antonia Fraser. À la frontière de la sphère publique et de la sphère privée, elle révèle une petite histoire parallèle à la grande: les amours brisées de Louis et de Marie Mancini, les rivalités entre les favorites Louise et Athénaïs, la complicité qui lia le monarque à sa belle- soeur Henriette d'Angleterre se déroulent sur le fond des grands événements du siècle. De la Fronde à la construction de Versailles, de la mort de Mazarin aux guerres contre l'Espagne, l'Angleterre et l'Autriche, le récit des soixante-douze années de règne du Roi-Soleil prend, sous la plume alerte de l'historienne anglaise, une coloration nouvelle.

Le dernier jour, pathétique, de la très vieille Martha... Un chevalier de Saint-Jean, au terme de sa vie, en conversation avec un simple d'esprit, voleur de coqs... Une vieille dame qui se souvient d'une belle histoire d'amour... Et Tom-Billy Teare qui se démène comme un beau diable pour sauver le testament de l'oncle Quaggin...

In the past, Antonia Fraser's bestselling histories and biographies have focused on people and events in her native England, from Mary Queen of Scots to Faith and Treason: The Story of the Gunpowder Plot. Now she crosses the Channel to limn the life of France's unhappiest queen, bringing along her gift for fluent storytelling, vivid characterization, and evocative historical background. Marie Antoinette (1755-93) emerges in Fraser's sympathetic portrait as a goodhearted girl woefully undereducated and poorly prepared for the dynastic political intrigues into which she was thrust at age 14, when her mother, Empress Maria Theresa, married her off to the future Louis XVI to further Austria's interests in France. Far from being the licentious monster later depicted by the radicals who sent her to the guillotine at the height of the French Revolution, young Marie Antoinette was quite prudish, as well as thoroughly humiliated by her husband's widely known failure to have complete intercourse with her for seven long years (the gory details were reported to any number of concerned royal parties, including her mother and brother). She compensated by spending lavishly on clothes and palaces, but Fraser points out that this hardly made her unique among 18th-century royalty, and in any case the causes of the Revolution went far beyond one woman's frivolities. The moving final chapters show Marie Antoinette gaining in dignity and courage as the Revolution stripped her of everything, subjected her to horrific brutalities (a mob paraded the head of her closest female friend on a pike below her window), and eventually took her life. Fraser makes no attempt to hide the queen's shortcomings, in particular her poor political skills, but focuses on her personal warmth and noble bearing during her final ordeal. It's another fine piece of popular historical biography to add to Fraser's already impressive bibliography. --Wendy Smith